What just happened?

Yesterday the U.S. Senate passed an overhaul of the criminal justice system known as the FIRST STEP Act.

The vote of 87 to 12 included all Senate Democrats and dozens of Republicans. The Act was approved earlier this year by the House by a vote of 360-59 vote, including 134 Democrats. President Trump has signaled that he will sign the bill into law.

The legislation was also supported by a number of faith-based groups, such as Prison Fellowship.

“We applaud the Senate for taking a bold step for federal criminal justice reform by passing the FIRST STEP Act,” saidJames Ackerman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Prison Fellowship. “This legislation will help reduce recidivism by preparing men and women to fulfill theirGod-given potential through restorative programming, including improved substance-abuse treatment programs, life-skills classes, and vocational training—building job readiness to fuel local economies. This is about getting smart on crime by giving men and women, made in the image of God, the tools to change their lives.”

What is the FIRST STEP Act?

FIRST STEP is an acronym for “Formerly Incarcerated Reenter Society Transformed SafelyTransitioning Every Person Act.” The primary purpose of the Act is to provide for programs to help reduce the risk that prisoners will recidivate upon release from prison. The Act requires theU.S. attorney general, as head of the Department of Justice, to review existing policies and develop mendations regarding evidence-based recidivism reduction programs and productive activities and to develop a Post-SentencingRisk and Needs Assessment System. This action must be taken within 180 days of the passage of the Act.

The Act also requires that incentives and rewards be made available for prisoners who participate in plete the reduction programs.

What types of programs does the FIRST STEP Act cover?

Evidence-based recidivism reduction programs include either group or individual activities that have shown, based on research or empirical evidence, to likely be effective in reducing recidivism(i.e., the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend). The programs would be designed to help prisoners succeed in munities upon release from prison, and include such activities as classes on morals or ethics, vocational training, faith-based classes or services, or restorative justice programs.

Are faith-based programs eligible?

Yes, the Act requires considering any program, treatment, regimen, pany, charity, person, and state that “the fact that it may be or is faith-based may not be a basis for any discrimination against it in any manner or for any purpose.”

What are the incentives and rewards prisoners could be eligible for?

According to the bill, the incentives and rewards would include:

Phone privileges, or, if available, video conferencing privileges, for up to 30 minutes per day, and up to 510 minutes per month; Additional time for visitation at the prison, as determined by the warden of the prison; Placement in a facility closer to the prisoner’s release residence subject to the availability of bed space, the security level of the facility, and the Warden’s support for the requested transfer; missary spending limits and product offerings; Extended opportunities to access the email system; Consideration of transfer to preferred housing units (including transfer to different prison facilities); Other incentives solicited from prisoners and determined appropriate by the director; Eligible prisoners could also earn “time credits” at the rate of 10-15 days of credit for every 30 days of successful participation in the program. Time credits would be applied toward time in pre-release custody, such as home confinement or a federal halfway house.

What other changes are made by the Act?

Fixes The “54 Day” Problem— The Actfixes a longstanding problemwith how federal good conduct time is calculated. The Act requires the Bureau of Prisons to award 54 days of good conduct time for each year of the sentence that was imposed. Thus, a 10-year sentence would equal to 540 possible days of good conduct time.

Shackling of Pregnant Prisoners —The Act prohibits prisoners who are pregnant or in postpartum recovery from being put into restraints unless a healthcare professional responsible for the health and safety of the prisoner determines that the use of restraints is appropriate for the medical safety of the prisoner.

Placement of Prisoners Close to Families—The Act changes federal law to require the Bureau of Prison “designate the place of the prisoner’s imprisonment, and shall, subject to bed availability, the prisoner’s security designation, the prisoner’s programmatic needs, and the prisoner’s mental and medical health needs, place the prisoner in a facility as close as practicable to the prisoner’s primary residence, but, in any case, not more than 500 driving miles from the prisoner’s primary residence. Subject to bed availability and the prisoner’s security designation, the Bureau shall transfer prisoners to facilities that are closer to the prisoner’s primary residence even if the prisoner is already in a facility within 500 driving miles of that residence, unless the prisoner chooses to remain at his or her current facility.’’

Home Confinement for Low-Risk Prisoners—The Act requires that the Bureau of Prisons, to the extent practicable, place prisoners with lower risk levels and lower needs on home confinement for the maximum amount of time permitted under federal law.

Change to Compassionate Release—The Act allows elderly offenders and eligible terminally ill offenders to motion passionate release from the Court after exhausting administrative remedies.

Healthcare Products— The Act requires the Bureau of Prisons to make tampons and sanitary napkins available to prisoners for free, in a quantity that is appropriate to the health care needs of each prisoner.

Identification Assistance– The Act requires the Bureau of Prisons to help prisoners “obtain identification, including a social security card, driver’s license or other official photo identification, and a birth certificate.”